History

As per the Government Notification Dated 24.08.1873 five types of Judicial officers were appointed after 01.01.1875. Munsiffs Judicial Assistants Deputy Commissioners Commissioners Judicial Commissioners Sl.No.2 to 5 were invested with powers to decide appeals. The name of the department is not changed. The designation of Judicial Officers have been changed with effect from 15.09.1879 and the names of courts have also changed as follows The Court of the Munsiffs The Court for the Subordinate Judge The Court of the District Judge The Court of the Judicial Commissioners The District Court has been invested with the powers to decide both Civil and Criminal Cases arising within the Jurisdiction of Mysuru District. The Districts court has administrative Control over the staff of the Department, subordinate Courts working in the District, including the District. The District Court is empowered to withdrawn and transfer suits, appeals or other proceedings pending before District Court or in any other Court in the District to any subordinate court in the District Competent to try such suit or proceedings, for disposal.

District and Sessions Court., Mysuru

The State Government shall establish a court of Sessions for every Sessions Division. Every Court of Session shall be presided over by a Judge to be appointed by the High Court. The location of Sessions Court will be in District headquarters. The High Court may also appoint Addition Sessions Judges and Assistant Sessions Judges to exercise Jurisdiction in a court of Sessions. The Chief Judicial Magistrates are subordinate to the Sessions Judge. The Chief Judicial Magistrates court and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrates court are located in District headquarters only. The important function of Chief Judicial Magistrates is to guide supervise and control other Judicial Magistrates in the District. In the District there are 9 courts of Judicial Magistrate First Class which have been invested with the powers of trying Juvenile Cases and in the District headquarters the Prl.Chief Judicial Magistrate is invested with the powers of trying Juvenile Cases, in all cases pending in the entire Disrict.

History

The exact date and the notification by which the District & Sesssions court at Mysuru is established is not known. It appears that by the rules published in the notification of the Chief Commissioner for Mysuru, Dated: 13.04.1869 Civil Courts were established in Mysuru, which was then known as Astagrama Division. From Time to time, there were amendments to that notification and in supersession of all such rules, regulations and notifications, a fresh notification No. 235 and 236 dated 27-8-1879, Civil Courts in Mysuru were re-constituted. These notifications were published in Mysuru Gazette Dt: 13.09.1879 and had come into effect from 15.09.1879. Therefore, it appears that the court of the District & Sessions Judge,Mysuru came into existence from 15.09.1879. ( This information is gathered from the Gazetter and files of the year 1879 maintained in the Record Room of this Court).

Civil Judge and JMFC Court,Mysuru History

Before 1879, it appears that powers of the Magistrates were exercised & disputes of Civil nature were decided by the Amildars (Tahsildars) and the Assistant Commissioners, who were designated as Judicial assistants, Under notification No.235,236 Dated 27-08-1879, the Courts of Munsiff, Sub-ordinate Judge and District Judge were constituted and such courts were established from 15-09-1879. Copy of that notification is enclosed herewith. However, it appears that Asst.Commissioners were exercising powers of Subordinate Judges also. With the State, Subordinate Judges were exclusively Judicial Officers and the court of Civil Judge-cum-District Magistrate was created under Government Notification No.1438-57/CST. 18-56-4 Dated: 29-05-1956 which came into force on 02-06-1956. Consequent upon enforcement of Mysuru Civil Courts Act,1964, the court of the Civil Judge in Mysuru was designated as Court of Civil Judge and Chief Judicial Magistrate,Mysuru with effect from 15-06-1976, vide G.O.No.LAW 84 LCE 76 (1) Dated: 26-06-1976. The court of the Civil Judge in Mysuru is now designated as Court of Civil Judge and Chief Judicial Magistrate,Mysuru

Court of Small Causes, Mysuru History

The court of Small Causes,Mysuru has been established with effect from 01-09-1969, as per G.O. No.LAW 81 LCE 69 dated: 19.08.1969.

First Munsiffs Court Mysuru History

Under Chief Commissioner’s Notification dated 13.04.1869 Civil Courts were constituted for Mysuru which was then known as Astagrama Division, but the powers of the Civil Courts were exercised by Amildars. Subsequently, on the recommendation of the Chief Commissioner for Mysuru, Government of India in Foreign Department by its letter No. 123.J. Dated: 24-06-1873, sanctioned creation of courts of Munsiffs .In pursuance of that letter of Government of India,Mysuru Chief Commissioner under Notification No.263 dated 09-02-1874 constituted courts of Munsiffs in Astagrama division. However under that notification, Munsiffs courts were constituted at Nanjangud and Hunsur and in some places . it was stated that cases of MysuruTaluk will be dealt with under subsequent order. The Court of First Munsiff Mysuru appears to have come into existence even prior to 1875.

II Munsiff & JMFC’s Court,Mysuru History

Not available

JMFC (II Court) Mysuru History

As per the Register of Powers maintained in the Court of JMFC (II Court) Mysuru it is seen that the Presiding Officer of the said court was invested with certain powers under notification No.P.1532/Courts.4034 dated: 31-08-1935.

Civil Judge & JMFC’s Court,Nanjangud History

This Court was established with effect from 26-05-1979. Civil Judge & JMFC.,Court, Hunsur History This Court was established with effect from27-02-1982.

Munsiff and Addl.JMFC, Court Nanjangud

History As per Notification of the Chief Commissioner of Mysuru No.263 dt: 09-12-1874 the court of Munsiff at Nanjangud was established with effect from 01-05-1875.

Munsiff and JMFC, Hunsur History

As per Notification of the Chief Commissioner of Mysuru No.263,Dt: 09-12-1874 the court of the Munsiff at Hunsur was established with effect from 01.01.1875.

Munsiff and JMFC K.R.Nagara History

This Court was established with effect from 02-11-1959 and Situated in Hassan-Mysuru main road beside Tahsildar office, K.R.Nagar Town, K.R.Nagar and the tourist spots are arkanatheshwara Temple situated on the bank of river kaveri about 3 kms from K.R.Nagar Town, Chunchana Katte about 19 kms from K.R.Nagar Town, Hydro Electric Generation Station near chunchanakatte and famous kodandarama temple, falls called as seethe maduvu.

Munsiff & JMFC T.Narasipura History

This Court was established with effect from 11-10-1971 and situated on the bank of river kaveri and kapila sangama Near Housing Board Colony, Nanjangud main Road, T.Narasipura Taluk, T.Narasipura and the famous talakadu is about 20 kms from T.Narasipura Town the famous panchalingadarshan will be held for every 5 years, historical Somanatheshwara temple about 15 kms from T.Narasipura temple, famous mudakutore temple and mutt, Sosale mutt, famous triveni sangama pooja(Kumba Mela) will be held for every 12 years.

Court of the Civil Judge and JMFC., Periyapatna

This Court was established with effect from 05.03.1988 and situated in B.M.Road,near Government Hospital Periyapatna Town and 71 KMS away from Mysuru District Court towards madikeri main road SH – 17. Sidilu Mallikarjunaswamy betta is the famous spot and situated about 15 kms from periyapatna town and Periyapatna is the largest Producer of Tobacco in Mysuru District

Court of Civil Judge and JMFC, H.D. Kote

This Court was established with effect from 13.11.1989 and situated in kalidasa road,behing TMC,H.D.Kote Town and 56 KMS away from MyosreDistrict Court towards Kabini River Dam.

Talukawise Population

Mysuru- 2,641,027 (2001 census), of which 1,344,670 (50.91%) are males and 1296357 (49.09%) are females . Nanjangud – As of 2001 India censusNanjangud had a population of 48,220. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. T.Narasipura – As of 2001 India census, Tirumakudal-Narsipur had a population of 9930. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50% Hunsur – As of 2001 India census, Hunsur had a population of 43,893. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. K.R.Nagar – As of 2001 India census, Krishnarajanagara had a population of 30,603. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Periyapatna – As of 2001 India census[2], Piriyapatna had a population of 14,922. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. H.D.Kote – As of 2001 India census,[1] HeggadadevanakotNo. of Talukas, Population etce had a population of 12,043. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%

GEOGRAPHY

The Physical Environment

Karnataka State is in the southwestern part of India. It is mainly a tableland and an extension of Deccan plateau. It is rhomboid in shape. The state extends to 805 km from north to south and to about 283 km from east to west. The total area of the state is 192,493 sq. km. Mysuru district lies in the Southern Maidan (Southern Plateau) and it is in the southernmost part of Karnataka State. Physiographically, the region in which the district is found may be classified as partly maidan and partly semimalnad (malnad hilly lands). The district forms the southern part of the Deccan peninsula with Tamil Nadu to its southeast, the Kodagu district to its west, Mandya district to its north, Hassan district to its northwest and Bangalore district to its northeast. Mysuru district forms a distinct land unit, besides being a cultural entity lying between 11°30′ N to 12°50′ N latitudes and 75°45′ E to 77°45′ E longitudes. It covers an area of 6854 sq. km. that is, 3.57 per cent of the state’s total geographical area. It holds the sixth place in the state in terms of the area with a population of 2.641 million in 2001.

Location and Area

Physiographically, it lies between maiden and semi-malnad range at an altitude of 610 metres from the mean sea level. The district covers a total geographical area of 6,76,382 hectares of which 62,851 hectares constitutes the forest land. The net cultivable land is 4,86,410 hectares and of this 1,14,010 hectares of land is irrigated. The prominent river of the district is the Cauvery. Mysuru district is considered as one of the prosperous district of the state based on the development and utilization of irrigation facilities, abundance of forest wealth and sericultural products.

Agro – Climatic Conditions

The climatic conditions of the district are favourable to crops like paddy, jowar, ragi, pulses, sugarcane and tobacco. The district can be divided into two major agro-climatic zones: the Southern Dry Zone comprising of 4 taluks namely, Nanjangud, T. Narasipur, Mysuru and K. R. Nagar and the Southern Transition Zone consisting of H. D. Kote, Hunsur, and Periyapatna taluks. Soil is red sandy loam in most of the areas of the district. The annual rainfall ranges from 670 mm to 888.6 mm in dry zones and from about 612 mm to 1054 mm in the transition zone. The average annual rainfall of the district is 782 mm. The temperature ranges from 11°C to 38°C. Thus the climate of Mysuru district is temperate with moderate variations in temperature in different seasons.

Relief

Mysuru district is an undulating tableland with granitic rocks protruding at odd intervals. The general elevation of the district ranges between 700 and 900 metres above the mean sea level. The mountain ranges in the district originate from the Nilgiris along its southern borders and runs in a northwest and northeast direction. There are the Ghats and, in between them lies the Mysuru plateau, which is peneplaine with an average elevation of 700 metres. Except in the north, the district is almost entirely surrounded by the Western Ghats which at places are an elevation of more than 1200 meters above the mean sea level. Only along the southeast, the mountain ring is broken, where the river Cauvery takes its course towards the Ghats and plunges into the famous Gaganachukki and Barachukki falls at Shivansamudram.

Geology

Geologically, the district is mainly composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks of Pre-Cambrian age either exposed at the surface or covered with a thin mantle of residual and transported soils. The rock formation in the district falls into two groups, charnockite series and granite genesis and gneissic granite. A fairly wide area of the district consists of charnokites series of rocks, particularly along the southeastern borders of Yelandur and Biligirirangana hills and also at the western border near Hangod in Hunsur Taluk. The intervening ground consists of granitic genesis with thin beds, lenses and elongated runs of various hornblendic rocks, pyroxenites and durities containing chromate and magnesite. Dolerites are in large numbers to the west of Hunsur and Gundlupet taluks. The Sargur schist belt in H. D. Kote taluk extends from Sargur to Mysuru city for about 40 km. This belt was named as Sargur series. The series comprise of a complex series of metasediments and basic igneous rocks. The garnets illuminate gneiss and the associated norites occurring as patches within the genesis of southern Mysuru represent the remnants of the older khondalite – charnockite system. The between Bettadabidu and Doddakanya is essentially a flat lying genesis terrain with numerous enclaves of meta-sedimentary units consisting of quartzites, pelitic schists, crystalliner limestone, cal-silicates and ferruginous quartzites into which the ultramafic and the basic rocks have been emplaced. The enclaves of the schistose units vary in size from just maple units to whole hill ranges, for example, the Konnainabetta ranges. In the H. D. Kote and Gundlupet regions, the bands of highly altered rocks of kyanite, staurolite, siliceous schists and also bands of limestone and quartizites are found. These rocks are of great economic importance because of the presence of graphite, corundum and granets in them. They extend from Bilikere region up to the southern border of the district in the south-southwest direction for nearly 50 km. Fine textured granite beds are found in Mysuru taluk and around Mysuru city

Climate

The climate of the study area is agreeable. The district enjoys cool and equable temperatures. Mysuru district shares the wider climatic pattern of the state as a whole, although there are some distinctive features. The climate of the district may be described as essentially tropical monsoon type which is a product of the interplay of the two opposing air-masses of the southwest and northeast monsoons. Over the greater part of the district, summers are languorously warm and winters bracingly cool. By and large, Mysuru district is endowed with a delightful or salubrious climate.

Temperature

Temperature influences considerably the socio-economic activities of the people in a region. The district in general enjoys cool and equable temperatures. In the period from March to May, there is a continuous rise in temperature. April is the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 34.5°C and the daily minimum at 21.1°C. On normal days, the day temperatures during summer may exceed 39°C. There is welcome relief from the heat when thunder showers occur during April and May. With the advance of the southwest monsoon about the beginning of June, the day temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the southwest monsoon period, the weather is pleasant. After mid-November, both day and night temperatures decrease progressively. January is the coldest month with mean daily maximum at 11°C. On some days during the period November to January, the minimum temperature may go below 11°C. The highest maximum temperature recorded at Mysuru was 39.4°C on the 4th of April 1917. The lowest minimum temperature was 10.6°C on the 13th of December 1945. The temperature remains nearly the same for several months but begins to rise in February and touches the peak in either April or May, in both maximum and minimum. Minimum is near about 20° C and the maximum is near about 30° C for several months.

Humidity

Relative humidities are generally high during the southwest monsoon season. Relative humidities are about 70 per cent and over in the mornings throughout the year, while in the afternoons, humidities are comparatively lower except during the southwest monsoon. The period January to April is the driest part of the year with relative humidities of about 30 per cent and still lower in the afternoons.

Rainfall

The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is not large during the 85 years from 1901 to 1985, the highest annual rainfall amounting to 156 per cent of the annual rainfall that occurred in 1903 and the lowest occurred in 1918. In the same 85 year period, the annual rainfall was less than 80 per cent of the normal rainfall in 7 years, none of them consecutive, considering the rainfall at the individual stations. However, two or three consecutive years of good rainfall occurred once or twice at fifty two out of sixty five rain gauge stations. It is observed that the average annual rainfall in the district was between 600 mm and 900 mm in 66 years out of the 85 years.

Monthly Distribution of Rainfall

The distribution in the district is confined to the months of April to November. September is the rainiest month with 180.86 mm. January receives the lowest rainfall of 2.02 mm. The rainfall from June to September constitutes only about 55.07 per cent of the annual rainfall. The rainfall during the pre-monsoon months of April and May and during the post-monsoon months of October and November are as much as 25.37 percent and 15.13 per cent, of the annual rainfall respectively.

Distribution of Rainfall by Taluks

H. D. Kote, Hunsur, and Periyapatna taluks are cool and moist during winter and rainy season and these taluks are in the semimalnad areas. The remaining taluks are comparatively dry (except the regions of rivers) during the year. In 1960, the highest rainfall was recorded in H D Kote at 920.1 mm and the lowest in Hunsur taluk with only 762.8 mm. The distribution of rainfall in the district was satisfactory and it was more than 762 mm. In 1965, the distribution of rainfall in the district was not satisfactory. The highest rainfall was recorded in H D Kote at 817 mm and the lowest was in Nanjangud at 420.9 mm. In the year 1985, low rainfall was recorded in the district. The amount of rainfall received has been considerable from 1980 to 1985 and however during 1985-86, 1021 villages out of 1,837 villages were declared as drought hit areas as the rainfall was much below the average. The highest actual rainfall during 2003 was in H. D. Kote taluk with 811.8 mm and the lowest actual rainfall in K. R. Nagar was 507.9mm.

Special Weather Phenomena

During October and November, some of the depressions and cyclonic storms which originate in the Bay of Bengal, cross the east coast and move across the peninsula. Such depressions and storms pass through or remain in the neighborhood of the district causing widespread, heavy rains and high winds. Thunderstorms are common during the hot season and the post-monsoon months. Rainfall during the monsoon season is also sometimes associated with thunder.

Drainage System

Mysuru district is endowed with a number of perennial and non-perennial rivers. The Cauvery which is the major system of the district traverses the Mysuru plateau from northwest to east along with its tributaries Kabini, Suvarnavathi, Laxmanathirtha and others. The Cauvery rises at Talacauvery in Kodagu district and flows along the boundary of Periyapatna taluk, enters into the district through K R Nagar taluk. It further moves into T. Narasipur and Kollegal before reaching Tamil Nadu. The total catchments area of the river is the second largest in the State and it covers nearly 18 per cent of the land area of the State. It is the only river which has been harnessed for irrigation from ancient times and it is estimated that as much as 95 per cent of its surface flow is put to use before it enters into the Bay of Bengal. River Kabini raises at Wynad in Kerala State comes into the State at Siddapura in Kodagu district and enters into the district at H D Kote taluk. The important tributaries of this river are the Gundluhole, the Nuguhole, and small streams such as the Taraka, the Vodehattihole and the Sarathihole which flow from H D. Kote and reach the Kabini river only in the rainy season. The river Laxmanathirtha rises in Kodagu district and flows into Hunsur taluk and finally reaches Krishna Raja Sagar Dam. The total catchment is nearly 178.2 sq.km. The Gundluhole (hole = river) originates in Gundlupet taluk at the Gopalaswamy Betta and enters into Nanjangud taluk and reaches the Kabini river. The Nuguhole has also its origin at H D Kote taluk, flows into Nanjangud taluk and reaches the Kabini river.

Soils

The soils of the districts can be broadly classified as the laterite, red loam, sandy loam, red clay and black cotton soils. The laterite soil occurs mostly in the western part of the district while the red loam is found in the northwest. These two account for nearly half the area of the district. The black cotton soil is found mostly in the northeastern parts of the district. The red sandy loam soils are derived from the granites and gneisses. The western taluks of Periyapatna, H D Kote and Hunsur are covered with hilly terrain and contain red, shallow gravelly soils. In the taluks of T. Narasipura and Nanjanagud, there is deep red loam occasionally interspersed with black soils. The red soils are shallow to deep well drained and do not contain lime nodules. The black soils are 1 to 1.5 metre in bases with good water holding capacity for a longer time.

Natural Vegetation

The area covered by forest is 4,126.45 sq. km, 34.52 per cent of the total area, of which 3,875.6 sq. km, are reserved forest, and 250.9 sq. km. are classified as forests. Mysuru has two types of forests and they are moist deciduous where the rainfall is 900-1100 mm and dry deciduous where the rainfall is 700 – 900 mm Mysuru district is the third richest in forest wealth in the State. The forest belt in the district begins from the western part of Hunsur taluk, spreads along the border of Kerala and Tamil Nadu into the south and east. The thickest and richest forest areas are in H D Kote. The Principal species of trees in the forests are teak, honne, rosewood, dindiga, eucalyptus and sandalwood. It is only in the hilly areas, there is however a resemblance of evergreen forests. The major produce of the forests in the district consists of teak, matchwood, sandalwood, rosewood and building materials. Indirectly, forests of the region confer various ecological benefits on the land such as salubrious climate and good rainfall. They are above all ecosystem habitats.